Docker常用命令整理

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收集整理常用的Docker命令。

容器类

查看Docker基础信息

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# 查看docker版本
$ docker version
# 显示docker系统的信息
$ docker info

容器操作

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# 查询运行中的容器
$ docker ps 

# 查看所有的容器
$ docker ps -a

# 启动|停止|重启|杀死容器 anyesu-container
$ docker start | stop | restart | kill anyesu-container

# - docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 删除Id为c6e7471292e0的容器
$ docker rm c6e7471292e0

# - docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
# 检视Id为97763bd57c69的容器
$ docker inspect 97763bd57c69

# - docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]
# 查看容器中正在运行的进程
$ docker top 97763bd57c69

# - docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
# 保存容器为镜像
$ docker commit tomcat wangwei01/tomcat:1.0

# 根据Dockerfile 构建
$ docker build -t [image_name] [Dockerfile_path]

交互式进入容器

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$ docker exec -it {{containerName or containerID}} bash
$ docker exec -i  {{containerName or containerID}} bash
$ docker exec -t  {{containerName or containerID}} bash
$ docker exec -d  {{containerName or containerID}} bash
  • 只用 -i 参数，由于没有分配伪终端，看起来像pipe执行一样。但是执行结果、命令返回值都可以正确获取
  • 只用 -t 参数，则可以看到一个 console 窗口，但是执行命令会发现由于没有获得stdin的输出，无法看到命令执行情况
  • 使用 -it 时，则和我们平常操作 console 界面类似，而且也不会像attach方式因为退出，导致整个容器退出
  • 使用 -d 参数，在后台执行一个进程。如果一个命令需要长时间进程，会很快返回

Docker run

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$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

run命令选项

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Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network string                 Connect a container to a network (default "default")
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container

镜像类

远程镜像仓库

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# - docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
# 搜索处收藏数不小于3的alpine镜像
$ docker search -f=stars=3 alpine

# - docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
# 拉取ubuntu最新的镜像
$ docker pull ubuntu:latest

# - docker push NAME[:TAG]
# 推送本地镜像到远程仓库
$ docker push alpine:1.1

本地镜像

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# 列出本地所有镜像
$ docker images -a

# 本地镜像名为 java 的所有镜像
$ docker images java 

# - docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
# 查看镜像详情
$ docker inspect java

# - docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
# 修改镜像Tag
$ docker tag java java:9

# - docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
# 本地移除名为 hello-world 的镜像
$ docker rmi hello-world

# 移除本地全部镜像
$ docker rmi `docker images -a -q`

# - docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...] 
# 指定镜像保存成 tar 归档文件
# 将镜像 tomcat:8 保存为 tomcat.tar 文件
$ docker save -o tomcat.tar wangwei01/tomcat:8

# - docker load 
# 将 ubuntu14.04.tar 文件载入镜像中
$ docker load -i ubuntu14.04.tar
$ docker load < /home/save.tar

参考资料

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